Payment cards and devices with gift card, global integration, and magnetic stripe reader communication functionality

ABSTRACT

A payment card (e.g., credit and/or debit card) or other device (e.g., mobile telephone) is provided with a magnetic emulator operable to communicate data to a magnetic stripe read-head. Gift cards may be inputted by a user into such a payment card or other device such that a user can combine gift cards. Similarly, a user be provided with a global payment account that can be utilized in multiple countries that have different standards for formatting data. A user may be provided with a default country (e.g., United States) but may have a way to select that the user is in a different country (e.g., Japan). Accordingly, a user may select that a Japanese data structure be transmitted through a magnetic stripe reader when the user is in Japan.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Nos. 61/016,491 filed on Dec. 24, 2007, 61/026,846 filed onFeb. 7, 2008, 61/027,807 filed on Feb. 18, 2008, 61/081,003 filed onJul. 15, 2008, 61/086,239 filed on Aug. 5, 2008, 61/090,423 filed onAug. 20, 2008, 61/097,401 filed Sep. 16, 2008, 61/112,766 filed on Nov.9, 2008, 61/117,186 filed on Nov. 23, 2008, 61/119,366 filed on Dec. 2,2008, and 61/120,813 filed on Dec. 8, 2008, all of which are herebyincorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to magnetic cards and payment systems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A card is provided, such as a credit card or security card, that maytransmit information to a magnetic stripe reader via a magneticemulator. The magnetic emulator may be, for example, a circuit thatemits electromagnetic fields operable to electrically couple with aread-head of a magnetic stripe reader such that data may be transmittedfrom the circuit to the magnetic stripe reader. The emulator may beoperated serially such that information is transmitted serially to amagnetic stripe reader. Alternatively, for example, portions of amagnetic emulator may emit different electromagnetic fields at aparticular instance such that the emulator is operated to providephysically parallel, instantaneous data. Alternatively still, a magneticmedium may be provided and a circuit may be provided to change themagnetic properties of the magnetic medium such that a magnetic stripereader is operable to read information written on the magnetic medium.

A processor may be provided on a card, or other device, that controls amagnetic emulator. The processor may be configured to operate theemulator such that the emulator transmits serial or parallelinformation. Particularly, the processor may decouple portions of anemulator from one another such that different portions of the emulatormay transmit different information (e.g., transmit data in a paralleloperation). The processor may couple portions of an emulator together(or drive the portions together) such that all portions of the emulatortransmits the same information (e.g., transmit data in a serialoperation). Alternatively, the processor may drive a portion of theemulator to transmit data using one method (e.g., serially) while theprocessor drives another portion of the emulator using a differentmethod (e.g., in parallel).

The processor may drive an emulator through a switching circuit. Theswitching circuit may control the direction and magnitude of currentthat flows through at least a portion of an emulator such that theswitching circuit controls the direction and magnitude of theelectromagnetic field created by at least that portion of the emulator.An electromagnetic field may be generated by the emulator such that theemulator is operable to electrically couple with a read-head from amagnetic stripe reader without making physical contact with theread-head. Particularly, for example, an emulator that is driven withincreased current can be operable to couple with the read-head of amagnetic stripe reader even when placed outside and within the proximityof (e.g., 0.25 inches or more) the read-head.

A processor may detect, for example, the presence of a read-head of amagnetic stripe reader by receiving signals from a magnetic stripereader detector and, in response, the processor may drive a magneticemulator in a manner that allows the emulator to couple with themagnetic stripe reader. More than one emulator may be provided on a cardor other device and a processor may drive such emulators in a variety ofdifferent manners.

A circuit may be provided on a credit card that is operable to receivedata from a device, such as a magnetic stripe. In this manner, a card,or other device, may communicate bi-directionally with a device.

An emulator may communicate with a magnetic stripe reader outside of,for example, the housing of a magnetic stripe reader. Accordingly, forexample, the emulator may be provided in devices other than cards sizedto fit inside of the reading area of a magnetic stripe reader. In otherwords, for example, the emulator may be located in a device that isthicker than a card—yet the emulator can still communicate with one ormore read-heads located in a magnetic stripe reader. Such a device maybe, for example, a security token, a wireless communications device, alaptop, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a physical lock key to ahouse and/or car, or any other device.

Dynamic information may be provided by a processor located on the card,or other device, and communicated through a magnetic emulator. Suchdynamic information may, for example, change based on time. For example,the dynamic information may be periodically encrypted differently. Oneor more displays may be located on a card, or other device, such thatthe dynamic information may be displayed to a user through the display.Buttons may be provided to accept input from a user to, for example,control the operation of the card or other device.

Dynamic information may include, for example, a dynamic number that isused as, or part of, a number for a credit card number, debit cardnumber, payment card number, and/or payment verification code. Dynamicinformation may also include, for example, a student identificationnumber or medical identification number. Dynamic information may also,for example, include alphanumeric information such that a dynamicaccount name is provided.

Read-head detectors may be provided to determine, for example, when acard is being swiped and/or when a read-head is located over aparticular portion of a card (e.g., a magnetic emulation circuit). Amagnetic emulation circuit may be provided as, for example, a coil.Portions of such a coil may be utilized to detect a read-head while inother portions of the coil may be utilized to communicate informationelectromagnetically to a read-head. Accordingly, a coil may be utilizedto detect a read-head and, after a read-head is detected, the coil maybe utilized to, for example, serially transmit information to a magneticstripe reader.

A read-head detector, or an array of read-head detectors, may be ableto, for example, determine the type of reader that the card enteredinto. For example, a read-head detector array may determine, forexample, when a motorized reader was utilized, an insertion reader wasutilized, or a user-swipe reader was utilized. Such information may bestored and communicated to a remote storage device (e.g., a remotedatabase). This stored information may be utilized to combat, forexample, card cloning. For example, if a particular number of cards(e.g., 10 more) that made consecutive purchases from a machine (e.g., anATM) detected more than one reader, then, for example, the system maymake an autonomous determination that an illegal cloning device waslocated on front of that ATM machine. If, for example, multiple cardsuse a restaurant point-of-sale terminal and determine that multiplereaders were used then, for example, a computer can make an autonomousdetermination that cloning may have occurred at the restaurant.

A material may be sandwiched between the two layers to assist inreducing the effect of the electromagnetic fields from one set of coilsegments on the side of the material opposite that set of coil segments.Such an interior material may be insulated such that the material doesnot short the coil segments. Additionally, such an interior material maybe chosen, for example, such that the material does not saturate whenthe coil is conducting current. The coil and material may run, forexample, along the location of a track of magnetic data for a paymentcard. Accordingly, a coil may be fabricated so that the coil wrapsaround an interior material.

A material may be placed and/or printed on a PCB layer and sandwichedbetween two other PCB layers. These two other layers may each includecoil segments and vias. The middle layer may also include vias such thatthe material is fabricated to be located in the center of the coil. Thematerial may take a cylindrical, rectangular, square, or any type ofshape. Four layers may also be utilized, where the coil segments areprinted on a surface of the exterior layers and one or more materialsare printed and/or placed on/between the interior layers. A material maybe a magnetic material, ferromagnetic material, ferrimagnetic material,or any type of material. For example, copper may be printed on a PCBlayer and plated with a material (e.g., nickel, iron, chrome, tin, gold,platinum, cobalt, zinc, allows). A material, for example, may have arelative permeability multiple times greater than the permeability of avacuum. A material, for example, may have a relative permeability of 2to 25,000. A material may include, for example, a permalloy, iron,steel, ferrite, nickel or any other material. A material may be an alloysuch as a nickel-iron alloy. Such a nickel-iron alloy may include, forexample, nickel (e.g., 75-85%), iron, copper, molybdenum and may beplaced through one or more annealing processes. Annealing may occurbefore and/or after the material is placed/printed on a layer ofmaterial (e.g., a PCB layer or other layer). A similar and/or differentmaterial may be placed either above and/or below a portion, or theentire, set of paths on a layer for a coil. Accordingly, a material maybe placed in the interior of a coil as well as along a side of the coil.

Gift cards may be purchased at a store and loaded into a dynamic card.For example, a person may go to a store, purchase a card (at which pointthe card is activated for use), and give the card to a friend. Thefriend may then scratch off a removable surface on the gift card toreview a dynamic loading code. The friend may utilize user interfaces onthe card (e.g., buttons) to load the credit card into the card. Thus,the friend may throw away the gift card but may utilize his/her dynamiccard as the gift card. Particularly, the user may utilize a userinterface (e.g., a button) on the card to signal to the card that thegift card should be utilized instead of, for example, the user's paymentcard (e.g., credit card data). Accordingly, the card may communicate thegift card information via a magnetic emulator to a magnetic stripereader. A processor may provide this information to an RFID antennalocated on the card as well as an IC chip located on the card incase,for example, the user utilizes a smartcard or RFID reader located at thepoint-of-sale.

A user may scratch off a removable surface of a gift card (or other typeof card such as a pre-paid payment card) to reveal a code. This code maybe entered online at a website that manages the user's payment card(e.g., the user's credit card). The gift card may then attach to theuser's credit card. Thus, for example, the user may utilize his/hercredit card at a store but the money may be drawn from the gift card.Alternatively, the user may, after making a purchase at a store, go ontohis/her payment card's account website and view his/her gift cards.After making a purchase, the user may request a credit refund and mayselect his/her debit card to be utilized in its place. A period of timemay be associated with this. For example, a user may be configured toonly be able to utilize gift cards after a purchase for the user'scurrent billing cycle or within a month of purchase.

A user may utilize a user interface on a card or other device (e.g., amobile telephonic device or other mobile device) to select that a giftcard be utilized. The user's payment card information (e.g., debit cardinformation) may be communicated, but the interaction with the userinterface may result in additional/different discretionary data beingsent from the point-of-sale device through a routing server to anauthorization server. One of these servers may look at the discretionarydata and may utilize this data to route the information to a differentauthorization server (e.g., gift card authorization server) or mayutilize the information at the authorization server to authorize theinformation differently (e.g., authorize the gift card purchase). If theamount purchased exceeds the gift card then the payment card may beautomatically charged the remaining balance or the cashier may beprompted that the gift card transaction went through at the remaininggift card balance and was applied to the transaction such that thecashier can request additional payment from the customer. Accordingly, auser may enter a simplified code into his/her card order to load his/herpayment card with a gift card. For example, a user may enter a codebetween 16 and 19 digits into a website associated with the user'spayment card to attach the gift card to the user's account but may entera shorter code (e.g., 4-6 characters) into his/her card such that abutton is associated with adding/changing discretionary data transmittedby a card (or other data transmitted by a magnetic emulator).

A code that is added to a card may, for example, include data with whatbutton should be utilized activate the transmission of a gift card orother information. Other information may include, for example, the nameof a store, the expiration date of the gift card, and the amount of thegift card. For example, a user interface on a card may take the form ofa mechanical button. A display may be located next to the button. A codemay be entered that causes the display to display “WALMART” everytimethe button associated with the display is pressed. Accordingly, a usercan see what gift cards are associated with what buttons at any giventime. Displays may be, for example, LCD, electronic ink, or any othertypes of displays. Codes may be generated to delete cards after they areutilized. User interfaces may be associated with deleting gift cardsfrom a user's card.

A global payment card is provided. A global card may, for example, allowa user to utilize the same payment account (e.g., credit account) butmay transmit differently structured data depending on the country (e.g.,the payment network) the user is located in. For example, suppose Japanincludes a nineteen digit payment card number while a U.S. payment cardnumber is fifteen or sixteen digits in length. Accordingly, a user maybe provided with a nineteen Japanese number and a sixteen U.S. numberwhen the user is provided with a payment account. The user may be issuedwith a card that includes a button for Japan. The card may be provided adefault such that, for example, a particular country's data structure isutilized by default. Accordingly, a user may utilize the card in theU.S. without changing behavior. However, for example, when the usertravels to Japan, the user may interact with a user interface (e.g., abutton) such that the Japanese data structure with the Japanese paymentinformation is utilized. Accordingly, a magnetic emulator may beprovided to transmit data to a magnetic stripe reader. A processor mayalso provide the data to an IC chip operable to be read by a smartcardreader and/or an RFID antenna operable to be read by a contactless RFIDreader.

Displays may be provided near user interfaces or other structures. Forexample, a display may be provided next to an LED. Cards may beprogrammed during manufacturing so that these displays may displayparticular information. Accordingly, for example, the same cardarchitecture may be utilized to provide a number of different types ofcards. A user may utilize user interfaces (e.g., mechanical orcapacitive interfaces) to change the function of the display. Forexample, codes may be entered to reconfigure the displays.Alternatively, for example, a user may utilize buttons to selectinformation to be displayed on displays associated with user interfaces.A code may associate a name of a store with a button and/or a dollaramount. For example, a display may be configured to read “Target $50.”Information may be entered manually, but also may be received by a card.For example, a user may swipe a card a second time through a magneticstripe reader and receive information via a magnetic emulator. Thisreceived information may be utilized to update information on the card(e.g., the balance of a gift card, credit account, and/or debitaccount). Information may also be received by an RFID antenna and/or ICchip located on a card and in communication with a central processor (ordistributed processors). For example, transaction information (e.g.,list of past transactions, stores where transactions occurred, amountsof transactions) and account information (e.g., balance information,bill information, amount due information) may be communicated to thecard and displayed on one or more displays.

A dynamic card may be manufactured in a variety of ways. For example, adynamic card may be printed onto a flexible material (e.g., a flexiblepolymer). Multiple layers of this material may be bonded together toform a multiple layer flexible structure. This multiple layer structuremay be laminated (e.g., via hot and/or cold lamination) to form a card.The card may be programmed before or after lamination. A card may beprogrammed via a direct connection between a programmer and one or morecontacts on a card. A card may be programmed via a capacitive, optical,or inductive communication via a communication link between a programmerand one or more components (e.g., a contact) on a card. Accordingly, forexample, a card may be laminated and capacitively, optically, orinductively programmed. After programming, a processor on the card maybe signaled to burn-out its programming communication channel(s) suchthat no further programming may occur. A portion of the card may not belaminated. Accordingly, a programmer may connect to this non-laminatedportion of the card. The non-laminated portion of the card may belaminated after programming. Alternatively, for example, thenon-laminated portion of the card may be cut after programming (e.g.,and after the processor burns-out its programming ports so the processorcannot be further programmed).

Additional external communication devices may be provided on a card. Forexample, a USB port or Wi-Fi antenna may be provided on a card. Suchadditional external communication devices may, for example, allow a userto communicate with stationary computer, laptop, or other device. Suchcommunication devices may, for example, be utilized to load gift cards,or other information (e.g., transactional or account information) from alaptop to a card or other device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The principles and advantages of the present invention can be moreclearly understood from the following detailed description considered inconjunction with the following drawings, in which the same referencenumerals denote the same structural elements throughout, and in which:

FIG. 1 is an illustration of cards constructed in accordance with theprinciples of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an illustration of cards constructed in accordance with theprinciples of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an illustration of cards constructed in accordance with theprinciples of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an illustration of a card and a reader constructed inaccordance with the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an illustration of a card and a reader constructed inaccordance with the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an illustration of a cards constructed in accordance with theprinciples of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is an illustration of a webpage constructed in accordance withthe principles of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is an illustration of a language scheme constructed in accordancewith the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is an illustration of process flow charts constructed inaccordance with the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is an illustration of process flow charts constructed inaccordance with the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is an illustration of cards constructed in accordance with theprinciples of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is an illustration of cards constructed in accordance with theprinciples of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is an illustration of cards constructed in accordance with theprinciples of the present invention; and

FIG. 14 is an illustration of cards constructed in accordance with theprinciples of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is an illustration of a card constructed in accordance with theprinciples of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is an illustration of a card constructed in accordance with theprinciples of the present invention; and

FIG. 17 is an illustration of a device constructed in accordance withthe principles of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows card 100 that includes printed information 111 and 120,displays 112 and 113, and buttons 130-134. Card 100 may be, for example,a payment card such as a credit card, debit card, and/or gift card orany other type of card (e.g., security access or identification card).Payment information, such as a credit/debit card number may be providedas static information 111, dynamic information 112 and/or 113, or anycombination thereof.

For example, a particular number of digits of a credit card number(e.g., the last 3 digits) may be provided as dynamic information. Suchdynamic information may be changed periodically (e.g., once every hour).Information may be changed via, for example, encryption. Software may beprovided at, for example, the payment verification server that verifiesthe dynamic information for each period of time such that a payment canbe validated and processed for a particular user. A user may beidentified using, for example, static information that is used to form acredit card number or other static information (e.g., information 120).Additionally, identification information may be derived (e.g., embedded)in dynamic information. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate thata credit card number may have, for example, a length of 15 or 16 digits.A credit card number may also have a length of up to 19 digits. Averification code may be used with some payment systems and such averification code may be provided statically on the card or may beprovided as dynamic information. Such a verification code may beprovided on a second display located on, for example, the front or rearsurface of card 100. Alternatively, a verification code may be displayedon the same display as other dynamic information (e.g., dynamicinformation 112). A display may be, for example, a flexible electronicink display. Such a flexible electronic ink display may, for example,utilize power to change displayed information, but may not utilize powerto display information after the information is changed.

Card 150 may be provided. Card 150 may include static magnetic stripetracks 153 and 152. Magnetic emulator 151 may be included and may beoperable to electrically couple with a read-head of a magnetic stripereader. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a read-headhousing of a magnetic stripe reader may be provided with one, two, orthree active read-heads that are operable to each couple with a separatemagnetic track of information. A reader may also have more than oneread-head housing and each read-head housing may be provided with one,two, or three active read-heads that are operable to each couple with aseparate magnetic track of information. Such read-head housings may beprovided different surfaces of a magnetic stripe reader. For example,the read-head housings may be provided on opposite walls of a troughsized to accept payment cards. Accordingly, the devices on the oppositesides of the trough may be able to read a credit card regardless of thedirection that the credit card was swiped.

A magnetic emulator may be provided and may be positioned on card 150such that when card 150 is swiped through a credit card reader, themagnetic emulator passes underneath, or in the proximity of, a read-headfor a particular magnetic track. An emulator may be large enough tosimultaneously pass beneath, or in the proximity of, multipleread-heads. Information may be transmitted, for example, serially to oneor more read-heads. Information from different tracks of data may alsobe transmitted serially and the magnetic stripe reader may determine thedifferent data received by utilize the starting and/or ending sentinelsthat define the information for each track. A magnetic emulator may alsotransmit a string of leading and/or ending zeros such that a magneticreader may utilize such a string of zeros to provide self-clocking. Indoing so, for example, information may be transmitted serially at highspeeds to a magnetic stripe reader. For example, credit card informationmay be transmitted to a magnetic stripe reader at speeds up to, andgreater than, 30 Khz).

Different emulators may be provided, and positioned, on card 150 to eachcouple with a different read-head and each emulator may providedifferent track information to those different read-heads. Read-headdetectors may be utilized to detect when a read-head is over an emulatorsuch that an emulator is controlled by a processor to operate when aread-head detector detects the appropriate presence of a read-head. Indoing so, power may be saved. Additionally, the read-head detector maydetect how many read-heads are reading the card and, accordingly, onlycommunicate with the associated emulators. In doing so, additional powermay be conserved. Accordingly, an emulator may be utilized tocommunicate dynamic information to a magnetic stripe reader. Suchdynamic information may include, for example, dynamic payment cardinformation that changes based on time.

A static magnetic stripe may be provided to transmit data for one ormore tracks to a magnetic strip reader where dynamic information is notdesired. Card 150, for example, may include static magnetic track 153and static magnetic track 152. Information on static magnetic tracks 152and 153 may be encoded via a magnetic stripe encoder. Emulator 151 maybe included such that dynamic information may be communicated to amagnetic stripe reader, for example, without a magnetic stripe via anelectromagnetic signal transmitted directly from emulator 151 to aread-head of a magnetic stripe reader. Any combination of emulators andstatic magnetic tracks may be utilized for a card or device (e.g., twomagnetic emulators without any magnetic stripes).

One or more batteries, such as flexible lithium polymer batteries, maybe utilized to form card 100. Such batteries may be electrically coupledin a serial combination to provide a source of power to the variouscomponents of card 100. Alternatively, separate batteries may providepower to different components of card 100. For example, a battery mayprovide power to a processor and/or display of card 100, while anotherbattery provides a source of energy to one or more magnetic emulators ofcard 100. In doing so, for example, a processor may operate even afterthe battery that supplies power to an emulator completely discharges.Accordingly, the processor may provide information to another componentof card 100. For example, the processor may display information on adisplay to indicate to a user that the magnetic emulator is not longeroperational due to power exhaustion. Batteries may be, for example,rechargeable and contacts, or other devices, may be provided on card 100such that the battery may be recharged.

Buttons (e.g., buttons 130-134) may be provided on a card. Such buttonsmay allow a user to manually provide information to a card. For example,a user may be provided with a personal identification code (e.g., a PIN)and such a personal identification code may be required to be manuallyinputted into a card using the buttons in order for the card to operatein a particular manner. For example, the use of a magnetic emulator orthe use of a display may require a personal identification code.

By dynamically changing a portion of a user's credit card number, forexample, credit card fraud is minimized. By allowing the dynamicinformation to displayed visually to a user, and changed magnetically ona card, user behavior change is minimized (with respect to a credit cardwith completely static information). By requiring the use of a personalidentification code, the fraud associated with lost or stolen creditcards is minimized. Fraud associated with theft/loss is minimized asthird party users do not know the personal identification code needed tooperate particular aspects of a credit card with dynamic information.

FIG. 2 shows card 200. Card 200 may include, for example, staticmagnetic stripe track 203, static magnetic stripe track 201, andmagnetic emulator 202 sandwiched between read-head detectors 204 and205. A read-head detector may, for example, be provided as a circuitthat detects, for example, changes in capacitance or mechanical couplingto a conductive material. Processor 220 may be provided to, for example,receive information from read-head detectors 204 and 205 and controlemulator 202. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that processor220 may cause a current to flow through a coil of emulator 202 in adifferent direction to produce different electromagnetic fields. Thetransitions between the different electromagnetic fields may be sensedby a magnetic stripe reader as information. Accordingly, a magneticemulator may transmit data serially while a read-head is electricallycoupled with a magnetic reader.

RFID antenna 210 may be provided on card 200. Such an RFID antenna maybe operable to transmit information provided by processor 220. In doingso, for example, processor 220 may communicate with an RFID device usingRFID antenna 210 and may communicate with a magnetic stripe reader usingmagnetic emulator 202. Both RFID antenna 210 and magnetic emulator 202may be utilized to communicate payment card information (e.g., creditcard information) to a reader. Processor 240 may also be coupled todisplay 240 such that dynamic information can be displayed on display240. Button array 230 may also be coupled to processor 220 such that theoperation of card 200 may be controlled, at least in part, by manualinput received by button array 230. A smart-card chip may, for example,be included on card 200 in lieu of, or in addition to, RFID 210.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a static magnetic trackmay be a read-write track such that information may be written to amagnetic track from a magnetic stripe reader that includes a headoperable to magnetically encode data onto a magnetic track. Informationmay be written to a magnetic track as part of a payment process (e.g., acredit card or debit card transaction). Persons skilled in the art willappreciate that a static magnetic track may include a magnetic materialthat includes ferromagnetic materials that provide for flux-reversalssuch that a magnetic stripe reader can read the flux-reversals from thestatic magnetic track. Persons skilled in the art will also appreciatethat a magnetic emulator may communicate information that remains thesame from payment card transaction to payment card transaction (e.g.,static information) as well as information that changes betweentransactions (e.g., dynamic information).

A card may include magnetic emulators without, for example, including astatic magnetic track. Read-head detectors may also be provided. Personsskilled in the art will appreciate that a magnetic reader may includethe ability to read two tracks of information (e.g., may include atleast two read-heads). All of the information needed to perform afinancial transaction (e.g., a credit/debit card transaction) may beincluded on two magnetic tracks. Alternatively, all of the informationneeded to perform a financial transaction (e.g., a gift cardtransaction) may be included on one magnetic track. Accordingly,particular cards, or other devices, may include the ability, forexample, to only transmit data associated with the tracks that areneeded to complete a particular financial transaction. Persons skilledin the art will appreciate that for systems with three tracks ofinformation, the bottom two tracks may be utilized for credit cardinformation. Persons skilled in the art will also appreciate that asecure credit card transaction may be provided by only changing, forexample, one of two magnetic tracks utilized in a credit cardtransaction (for those transactions that utilize two tracks).Accordingly, one track may be a static magnetic track constructed from amagnetic material and the other track may be provided as a magneticemulator. Persons skilled in the art will also appreciate that numerousadditional fields of data may be provided on a magnetic track inaddition to a credit card number (or a security code). Dynamicinformation may be provided in such additional fields in order tocomplete a particular financial transaction. For example, suchadditional dynamic information may be numbers (or characters), encryptedwith time and synced to software, at a validating server, operable tovalidate the encrypted number for a particular period of time.

Card 250 includes emulator 251 that includes a coil operable tocommunicate data serially to a magnetic stripe reader. Similarly, forexample, emulator 251 may receive information for a magnetic stripeencoder. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a coil may runacross the length of a card such that a read-head moves along the lengthof the coil and can receive information transmitted serially from thecoil. The coil may extend into multiple tracks such that multipleread-heads receive information from the coil. Track information can besent serially (e.g., track 1 information followed by track 2information). Multiple coils may be driven separately and placed indifferent zones such that a single read-head moves from coil-to-coil(e.g., zone-to-zone) and power is conserves as only coils in aparticular zone (or zones) may be utilized to communicate informationany particular time. Separate coils may be utilized for separate tracks.Materials may be placed in the interior of each coil to assist withmanipulating the electromagnetic field produced by the coils. Materialmay be placed above or below a coil to further manipulate theelectromagnetic field produced by the coil. Switching circuitry 252 mayinclude, for example, one or more transistors that may be utilized tocontrol the direction of current via emulator 251 (e.g., the polarity ofvoltage(s) across a drive resistor). For example, a coil may be utilizedto transmit a string of information to a particular read-head. Differentcoils may transmit information at different speeds (or at the samespeed). Different coils may transmit different amounts of information.For example, three coils may be provided. The coil closest to the bottomof the long-end of a card may transmit at least 79 characters. The coilnext closest to the bottom of the long-end of a card may transmit atleast 40 characters of information. The coil next closest to the bottomof the long-end of the card may transmit at least 107 characters. One ormore coils may have different character sets (e.g., a 6-bit characterset or a 7-bit character set). The last bit in a character may include,for example, a parity bit. Additional synching information may betransmitted before and after the data information to assist withsynching a magnetic stripe reader. For example, a string of zeros may becommunicated before and after communicating primary data. Characters maybe included in the data information for other purposes such as an LRCcharacter.

FIG. 3 shows card 300 that may include a number of components. Card 300may include one or more processors 320. A processor may include, forexample, cache memory, RAM, and/or ROM. Additional memory may beprovided on card 300. For example, additional non-volatile, volatile,cache memory, RAM, and/or ROM may be provided on card 300. Battery 325may be provided on card 300. Battery 325 may be, for example, a lithiumpolymer battery and may have a thickness less than a millimeter (e.g.,approximately 0.5 mm). RFID antenna 315 may be provided on card 300 andmay communicate data to an RFID reader. Persons skilled in the art willappreciate that an RFID may be included that is a passive or activeRFID. IC chip 310 may be included on card 300 and may communicate datato an IC chip reader. Device 301 may be included to communicationinformation to a magnetic stripe reader. Device 301 may include anynumber of magnetic emulators, magnetic encoders that encode magneticstripes, and/or magnetic stripes. For example, device 301 may include amagnetic emulator for one track of magnetic data and a magnetic stripefor a second track of data. Alternatively, for example, device 301 mayinclude two emulators for separate tracks of data. An emulator may, forexample, communicate information to a read-head of a magnetic stripereader serially. One or more read-head detectors 302 may be provided todetect a read-head (or other attribute) of a magnetic stripe reader.Additional detectors may be included to detect, for example, when a cardis provided into an IC chip reader and/or an electromagnetic field froman RFID reader. Button array 330 may be provided, for example, toreceive input from a user. Button array 330 may include any number ofbuttons (e.g., 4, 5, 10, or more than 10). Button array 330 may include,for example, mechanical buttons, capacitive buttons, or any type of userinterface. One or more displays 340 may also be included. A display maybe, for example, an electronic ink display (e.g., electrochromicdisplay), LCD display, or any other type of display. Display 340 may beflexible.

Display 340 may be printed onto a layer during a printed fabricationprocess (e.g., PCB). Additionally, for example, battery 325 may beprinted onto a layer during a printed fabrication process (e.g., PCB).Similarly, a magnetic emulator may be printed onto a layer during aprinted fabrication process (e.g., PCB). Other components may be printedonto a layer during a printed fabrication process (e.g., PCB) such ascapacitive read-head detectors, and capacitive touch sensors.Accordingly, a display, battery, read-head detector, and button arraymay be printed on one or more layers that are bonded together andlaminated.

FIG. 3 shows card 350 that may include, for example, processor 353,switching circuitry 352, and emulator 351 having active region 354.Switching circuitry 352 may, for example, control the direction ofcurrent through emulator 351 in order to change the direction ofelectromagnetic fields generated by emulator 351 such that data may becommunicated serially to a magnetic stripe read-head. Persons skilled inthe art will appreciate that emulator 351 may be fabricated on a singlelayer and that region 354 may include coil segments dense enough togenerate an electromagnetic field that can be recognized by a read-headof a magnetic stripe reader.

FIG. 4 shows environment 400 that may include magnetic stripe reader410, read-head housing 440, card 420, and magnetic emulator 430.Read-head housing 440 may include any number of read-head's such as, forexample, one, two, or three read-heads. Each read-head may independentlyreceive magnetic fields from magnetic emulator 430 (or a magneticstripe, such as a magnetic stripe encoded on-card by card 420). Emulator430 may be positioned to be adjacent to any one or more read-heads ofread-head housing 440 or may be positioned to communicate information toany one or more read-heads of read-head housing 440. Persons skilled inthe art will appreciate that emulators with longer lengths may belocated within the proximity of one or more read-heads for a longerduration of time when a card is swiped. In doing so, for example, moreinformation may be transmitted from an emulator to a read-head when acard is being swiped.

FIG. 5 includes environment 500 that may include cards 520 and 530 aswell as magnetic stripe reader 510. Read-head housing 511 may beincluded on a wall of a trough of magnetic stripe reader 510. The troughmay be sized to accept cards (e.g., credit cards).

Card 520 may include emulator 521. Emulator 521 may provideelectromagnetic field 591 that may transmit through a portion of thehousing of magnetic stripe reader 510 (e.g., through a wall of a troughto get to read-head housing 511). Accordingly, card 520 may be locatedoutside of a reader—yet still be operable to communicate information toa magnetic stripe reader. A reader may be provided with an outer wall,for example, with a thickness of a quarter of an inch or more. Emulator521 can provide electromagnetic field 591 over a distance of, forexample, a quarter of an inch or more.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that card 520 may be coupledto a device via a permanent or removable cable. Such a device mayprovide power to card 520 as well as control information—such as controlinformation for emulator 530. An external source of power may beutilized, for example, to provide a larger amount of electrical energyto emulator 521 than from a source of power located within card 520.Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a car having an internalbattery may still be able to receive a cable from a device having itsown source of electrical energy.

Card 530 may be provided with emulator 531 and may electrically couplewith a read-head of magnetic stripe reader 510. Any number of emulatorsmay be provided in card 530 in any number of orientations such that theappropriate electromagnetic field may couple with a read head ofread-head housing 511 regardless of the orientation of card 720 withrespect to read-head 511. More particularly, for example, additionalread-head housings may be provided in magnetic stripe reader 510 atdifferent locations about the reader to electrically couple with aemulators in a number of different configurations. A sticker and/orguide-structures may be provided on a magnetic stripe reader to, forexample, direct a user on how to position his/her card (or other device)for contactless transmission of data (e.g., credit card data) to aread-head housing without using the trough that includes that read-headhousing.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a magnetic stripe readermay include a trough that includes two (or more) read-head housings 511located in approximately the same vertical position on a card-swipingtrough, but at different horizontal locations on opposite walls of thetrough. In doing so, for example, a magnetic stripe may be readregardless of the direction that a card having the magnetic stripe isfacing when the card is swiped. Magnetic emulator 521 may, for example,communicate magnetic fields outside both the front and read surfaces ofa card. Accordingly, a single emulator 521 may, for example, couple witha single read-head regardless of the direction the card was facing whenswiped. In doing so, for example, the costs of readers may be reduced asonly a single read-head may be need to receive information regardless ofthe direction a card is facing when swiped. Accordingly, magneticreaders do not need stickers and/or indicia to show a user the correctorientation to swipe a card through a magnetic stripe reader. An adaptermay be provided that coupled directly to a read-head that allows adevice not operable to fit in a trough to electrically couple with aread-head.

An emulator may be positioned about a surface of a card (or otherdevice), beneath a surface of a device, or centered within a card. Theorientation of a magnetic emulator in a card may provide differentmagnetic fields (e.g., different strength's of magnetic fields) outsidedifferent surfaces of a card. Persons skilled in the art will appreciatethat a magnetic emulator may be printed via PCB printing. A card mayinclude multiple flexible PCB layers and may be laminated to form a cardusing, for example, a hot and/or cold lamination. Portions of anelectronic ink display may also be fabricated on a layer during a PCBprinting process.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a number does not needto, for example, change with time. Information can change, for example,based on manual input (e.g., a button press or combination of buttonpresses). Additionally, a credit card number may be a static displaynumber and may be wholly or partially displayed by a display. Such astatic credit card number may result in the reduction of fraud if, forexample, a personal identification code is required to be entered on amanual input entry system to activate the display. Additionally, fraudassociated with card cloning may be minimized with the use of a magneticemulator activated by the correct entry on a manual input entry system.

Person skilled in the art will also appreciate that a card may be clonedby a thief, for example, when the thief puts a illegitimate credit cardreader before a legitimate credit card reader and disguising theillegitimate credit card reader. Thus, a read-head detector may detect aread-head housing and then, if a second read-head housing is detected onthe same side of the credit card, the reader may transmit information tothe second read-head that signifies that two read-head housings weredetected. In doing so, for example, a bank, or the police, may benotified of the possibility of the presence of a disguised cloningdevice. The information representative of multiple read-heads may beincluded with information that would allow a credit card number to bevalidated. As such, a server may keep track of the number of read-headhousings at each reader and, if more read-head housings are detectedthan expected, the server may contact an administrator (or the police).The server may also cause the credit card transaction to process or mayreject the credit card transaction. If the number of read-head housings(or read-heads) is the number expected by the server, the server canvalidate the payment transaction.

A payment system using dynamic numbers may, for example, be operablewith numbers that are stored outside of the period in which thosenumbers would otherwise be valid. A server may be included, for example,that accepts a dynamic credit card number, information representative ofa past credit card number, and the merchant that is requesting payment.The server may register that merchant for that saved number. The numbermay be decrypted (or otherwise validated) for that past period of time.Accordingly, the credit card transaction may be validated. Additionally,the merchant identification information may be linked to the storeddynamic credit card number for that past period of time. If the serverreceives a transaction from a different merchant with that same dynamiccredit card number for that same period of time, the server may rejectthe transaction. In doing so, a merchant may be protected from havingcredit card numbers stolen from its various storage devices. If a thiefsteals a number from a merchant's server that is associated with a pastperiod of time, that number cannot be used, for example, anywhere else.Furthermore, such a topology may, for example, allow merchants toprovide a one-click shopping, periodic billing, or any other type offeature that may utilize dynamic numbers that are stored and usedoutside of the period in which the dynamic numbers were generated.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that different emulators maybe controlled by different switching circuitry (e.g., differenttransistors).

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that multiple buttons may becoupled together to form a single-bit bus. If any button is pressed, thebus may change states and signal to the processor to utilize differentports to determine what button was pressed. In this manner, buttons maybe coupled to non-triggerable ports of a processor. Each button (or asubset of buttons) may be coupled to one or more triggerable ports of aprocessor. A port on a microprocessor may be utilized to drive anemulator in addition to, for example, receiving information from abutton. For example, once an appropriate personal identification code isreceived by a processor, the processor may utilize one or more portsthat receive information from one or more buttons to drive an emulator(e.g., for a period of time). Alternatively, for example, a magneticemulator may be coupled to its own triggerable or non-triggerableprocessor port. A card may also include a voltage regulator to, forexample, regulate power received from an internal or external source ofpower.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that any type of device maybe utilized to provide dynamic magnetic information on a card to amagnetic stripe reader. As discussed above, a magnetic encoder may beprovided that can change information on a magnetic medium where thechanged information can be detected by a magnetic stripe reader.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that the direction of currentthrough magnetic circuit 650 may be changed and controlled in a patternthat is representative of magnetic stripe data. Particularly, aprocessor may, for example, transmit information through a coil bychanging the direction of the electromagnetic field generated fromemulator circuit at particular times. A change in the frequency of fieldreversals may be representative of, for example, a particular bit ofinformation (e.g., “1” or “0”).

FIG. 6 shows card 610, which may include magnetic stripe 611 andmagnetic stripe 613. A magnetic stripe may, for example, have multipletracks. Each track may be fabricated from, for example, a differentmagnetic stripe material. Magnetic stripe 611 may include datastructured to be received by the infrastructure for one country.Magnetic stripe 612 may include data structured to be received by theinfrastructure for another company. Magnetic Stripe 612 and 611 may bealigned vertically. Accordingly, a user may place card 300 into a readerfrom one country in one direction and the user may place card 300 into adifferent reader from a different country in a different direction. Theinformation included on magnetic stripe 611 and 612 may be associatedwith a user's payment card account such that purchase to bothterritories posts to the same account. Card 620 may include, forexample, magnetic stripe 621 and 623 that includes payment card dataoperable for use in different territories. Magnetic stripe 621 and 623may be provided such that magnetic stripe 621 and 623 are not verticallyaligned with one another. Card 630 may be included that may includedirection detector 631. A card may determine the direction the card isfacing via direction detector 631. Accordingly, the card may determinewhich territory the user of the card believes he/she is located in.Accordingly, magnetic emulator 632 (or a magnetic encoder) may beutilized to communicate the appropriate territory-based paymentinformation through magnetic emulator 632. Persons skilled in the artwill appreciate that direction detector 631 may be, for example, aread-head detector. Accordingly, read-head detector 631 may be utilizedto determine the side facing a read-head detector such that the paymentinformation associated with that side's territory is communicated. AnRFID antenna and/or smart-chip may be provided with information in asimilar manner by detecting the orientation of a card with respect to areader. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that multipleemulators (or encoders) may be utilized instead (e.g., one for eachtrack). Similarly, for example, two arrays of magnetic emulators may beutilized instead of the two magnetic stripes—each array located on adifferent end of a card (e.g., at the ends where magnetic stripe 621 and622 of card 620 are located).

Card 650 includes buttons 651-664, light sources 691-694, displays852-853, permanent information 651 and 670, buttons 681-684, andhologram 699. A user may be provided with a payment number. Such apayment number may be comprised of permanent data, dynamic data, or acombination of permanent and dynamic data. Dynamic data may be provided,for example, on display 652. Display 653 may be utilized to provide acode, which may be dynamic. Such a code may be utilized in authorize atransaction. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that displaysmay display a code, payment number, or any type of data that changesbased on time or based on use (e.g., utilizes one-time use data).Similarly, data may be static and may not change. Accordingly, forexample, a display may be utilized to display the same data when desiredsuch that the data may be hidden when the data is not desired to bedisplayed. Buttons 651-664, 681-682, and/or 683-684 may be utilized tosignal a processor to display information on display 652, display 643,or display 652 and display 653.

A Personal Identification Code (PAC) may be entered to utilize todisplay data, as well as instruct a processor to provide particulardata. For example, a particular PAC may provide one payment number(e.g., a credit card number) while a different PAC may provide adifferent payment number (e.g., a debit card number). A PAC may includea sequence of button presses (e.g., 5 particular button presses).Furthermore, a PAC may be utilized to unlock a card so that the card maybe utilized. For example, buttons 681, 682, 683, and 684 may not beutilized by a user until an appropriate PAC has been entered via buttons651-665. A number may be changed based on time (e.g., via display 652,display 653, or display 652 and display 653). Accordingly, a PAC may beentered such that the particular number associated with a particularbutton (e.g., a number associated with button 651) for a particular timeperiod (e.g., a particular day) may be displayed. One PAC may activatedisplay 652 while another PAC may activate display 653.

Light source 691 may be an LED or other source of light. Light source691 may display light each time a button associated to light source 691is pressed (e.g., buttons 661-662). Similarly, light source 692 maydisplay light each time a button associated with light source 692 ispressed (e.g., button 681 or 682). Light source 693 may display lighteach time a button associated with light source 693 is pressed (e.g.,light source 683 or 684). Light source 694 may be associated to acomponent and may display light each time that component is activated(e.g., display 653 or 652 is activated). Light sources may emit lighthaving different colors. For example, a processor may determine that aPAC provided to the processor via buttons 661-665 matches a valid PACfor performing an operation. Each button press may cause light source691 to emit light of a first color (e.g., YELLOW). The last button pressto complete the PAC, however, may cause light source 691 to emit adifferent color if the PAC is VALID (e.g., emit GREEN) yet emit anothercolor if the PAC is INVALID (e.g., emit RED). Particular areas of alaminated card may be transparent such that light from a light-sourceilluminates the transparent area.

Button 681 may be associated with a card of a particular country.Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a card may be providedwith a default number. Such a default number may include, for example,permanent data 651 and data displayed on display 652. Accordingly, aparticular PAC may display the default data on display 652.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that other default data maybe provided to other components of a card upon entry of a PAC. Forexample, particular default data (e.g., payment card number anddiscretionary data) may be communicated to a magnetic emulator (ormagnetic encoder) such that the information may be communicated to amagnetic stripe read-head. Similarly, default data (e.g., payment cardnumber and discretionary data) may be communicated to an RFID antenna,an IC chip, or an RFID antenna and an IC chip. Such default data may bedifferent for each component (e.g., magnetic encoder/emulator, RFIDantenna, IC Chip) and may be in different formats (e.g., one track ofpayment data for one magnetic emulator and another track of payment datafor another magnetic emulator).

Button 681 may cause, for example, display 652, display 653, or display652 and 653 to display data associated to button 681. Similarly, dataassociated to button 681 for other components of card 650 (e.g., amagnetic emulator, magnetic encoder, RFID antenna, and IC chip) may becommunicated through those components. Button 681 may be associatedwith, for example a particular territory (e.g., America). Accordingly,for example, information communicated via card 650 may be associatedwith a default country upon entry of a particular PAC until, forexample, a button is pressed associated with a different country. Atthis time, for example, the information communicated by card 650 maychange to the information associated with the particular button pressed.Button 692 may be provided for a country different than, for example, adefault country and a country associated with another button (e.g.,button 681). A card may not be associated with a default country suchthat, for example, a button is pressed to determine the type ofinformation communicated by a card.

A card, or other device, may autonomously determine, for example, thelocation of the card such that the appropriate information iscommunicated. For example, a GPS receiver (or another type of antenna)may be utilized to determine the location of the card, or other device(e.g., mobile telephone), such that the appropriate information istransmitted. Accordingly, a card, or other device, may send Americanpayment data when the card, or other device, is located in America.However, the card may send Japanese payment data, or other data, whenthe card is located in Japan. Display 652 and/or display 653 may displaydifferent amounts of information based on the country scheme utilized.Similarly, other components such as magnetic emulators, magneticencoders, RFID antennas, and IC chips may utilize different amounts ofinformation based on the type of country utilized.

Button 683 may be utilized to provide instructions to a processor that agift card is desired to be utilized via card 650. A gift code may beentered (e.g., via buttons 661-665) after button 683 is pressed suchthat a user may, for example, associate a gift card to card 650.Accordingly, card 650 may be utilized to make a gift purchase such thatthe original gift card may be thrown out (or left at home). The codeentered into card 350 may be utilized, for example, to provide aprocessor with a number to transmit via the card (e.g., next time button683 is utilized). Such a number (as well as associated data such asassociated discretionary data) may be communicated by card 650 via oneor more displays, magnetic emulators, magnetic encoders, RFID antennas,and IC chips. A code may alternatively, for example, transmit a flag(e.g., discretionary data) that a gift card is being utilized (e.g.,upon another use of button 683) such that a server may look at a sellerID number and check if there are any gift cards associated to aparticular payment card number for that seller ID number. Accordingly,for example, a user may obtain a gift card (e.g., Target gift card) andmay link that gift card to his/her payment card account (e.g., creditcard account) and may utilize a button (e.g., 683) to send a flag that agift card is desired to be utilized. A code may be entered to provide aparticular flag (e.g., a flag associated with a particular seller).Alternatively, no code may be entered and button 683 may just beutilized to generate a generic flag (e.g., causing a server to check ifthere are any linked gift cards for the account associated with theseller associated with the utilized point-of-sale reader). A user may beprovided with a particular code to be entered when utilize the gift cardat an online store (e.g., Target's online store). The online store may,for example, allow a user to enter his/her payment information (e.g.,credit card number, expiration date, name on card, zip code associatedwith card) and allow the user to select whether a gift card should beutilized associated with that card (e.g., via a radio button or otherwebpage input structure).

Button 684 may be provided. Button 684 may be utilized, for example, tomake an in-store purchase. Button 684 may activate, for example, display652 but not display 653. Code 653 may be utilized, for example, to atleast complete a particular online transaction. In not activatingdisplay 653, for example, a user that is provided with a card during anin-store purchase may not gain access to information displayed ondisplay 653. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate, for example,that the information on display 653 may be transmitted via a component(e.g., emulator) even though the information is not displayed. Moreover,for example, display 652 and 653 may be the same display but that aparticular interface (e.g., button) may display information on differentportions of the display.

FIG. 7 includes webpage 700 that may include, for example, navigationaltool 701 that may be utilize to navigate through different pages of awebsite or different websites of an intranet or internet. Information702 may be displayed, for example, when a user purchases a giftcertificate online or purchases a gift certificate in a store andattaches that gift certificate to the users account online. Interface703 may be utilized by a user, for example, to add the particular giftcard to their payment account. Such a payment account may be a creditaccount, debit account, check account, or any other type of paymentaccount. A gift card may be linked to such an account such that a userdoes not have to, for example, carry around multiple cards. The usermay, for example, carry around a single card, but a server may recognizewhether a user has a gift card associated with a particular seller(e.g., based on a seller ID communicated from the point-of-sale deviceor other server). A user may add, modify, delete, or transfer gift cardsassociated to a payment account. Thus, for example, a user may receive agift card for Christmas, may link the gift card to his/her paymentaccount (e.g., credit card account), and may utilize the gift card byutilizing his/her card associated with his/her payment account.Interface 706 may be utilized, for example, to email an electronic giftcard to a user. Interface 708 may be utilized to send a physical cardthrough the mail to a user such as the user that purchased the gift cardor a friend of the user that purchased the gift card. Interface 707 maybe utilized to load the gift card onto a merchant account. For example,a gift card that is purchased in a store (e.g., Walmart) may be enteredinto a website associated with that user's payment card (e.g., Bank ofAmerica) and then transferred to a merchant's website (e.g., Walmart).Persons skilled in the art will appreciate, for example, that a giftcard may not be active until purchased. Activation may occur in avariety of ways. For example, a card may be activated by a cashier thatcompletes a purchase of a gift card—thus communicating data to a serverthat activates that gift card. Similarly, a gift card number generatedonline may be activated upon generation. Persons skilled in the art willappreciate that pre-paid payment cards such as pre-paid debit cards maybe utilized as gift cards are utilized.

Interface 704 may be utilized, for example, to generate a code that maybe utilized to add a gift card to a dynamic card. Interface 705 may beutilized to show a full string of data that a credit card may utilize tocommunicate to an input device. For example, the full string of data maybe the data that may be displayed and entered into a website to use thegift card. Alternatively, the data may be one or more tracks of magneticstripe data (e.g., card number, name, and discretionary data).Alternatively still, for example, the data may be RFID antenna data orIC Chip data.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a payment card may beassociated with a company. For example, TJX may issue a TJX credit card.Such a card may offer incentives if the card is utilized within thecompany (e.g., within a TJX store). The gift cards of such a store mayhave data that is the same from gift card to gift card (e.g., the firstdigit or digits of a gift card number may be the same as they may beutilized to route data to a particular network). Accordingly, such apayment card may include a gift card functionality that accepts TJX giftcards. A user may be able to, for example, load in the control portionsof the data such that the user does not have to enter in data that maybe the same for all TJX cards. In doing so, for example, the amount oftime utilized to enter information may be minimized.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that data may be transferred,such as gift card and/or pre-paid card data, to a card in a variety ofways. For example, a card may be swiped a second time through a magneticstripe reader that includes a magnetic stripe encoder. A coil on thecard may be utilized to receive the information and provide the receivedinformation to a processor. In doing so, information may be loaded intothe card. Similarly, an IC chip may be utilized to receive data as wellas a passive or active RFID. Additionally, one or more microphones maybe included to receive audio information that may be representative ofdata. Accordingly, for example, a user may hold his/her card, or otherdevice, next to a device that is operable to transmit audio via aspeaker (e.g., laptop, stationary computer, or mobile telephonicdevice). The audio information may be discerned by the card and utilizedto load information into the card (e.g., a gift card or pre-paid card.An application may also be loaded that enhances the functionality of thecard. Such an application may include, for example, a user's medicalinformation such that medical information can be displayed via the card(or other device) during a medical emergency. Accordingly, applicationsand/or payment cards may be purchased online and a speaker maycommunicate information to a card. Similarly, the card may include aspeaker for transmitting information such that bi-directionalcommunications are established. A light detector may be provided on acard that may receive light pulses indicative of data. Accordingly, forexample, a user may hold a card up to a display—such as the screen of alaptop, stationary computer, or mobile phone—and information may becommunicated from the display to the card via the light detector.Similarly, a light source may be utilized to communicate informationfrom one device to another. For example, a light source (e.g., LED) maybe utilized to communicate information from one card to another.Similarly, a magnetic stripe reader may include a light source. A cardmay be positioned over the light source such that a light detector ofthe card is aligned with the light source to receive light. Accordingly,the light of a magnetic stripe reader (or other type of reader) may beutilized to communicate information back to a card. A user may utilizeinterfaces on the card (e.g., buttons) to initiate a transfer of datafrom one card to another card or from a device to a card. A variety oftypes of data may be communicated. For example, money may becommunicated from one debit card to another debit card such thatpayments may occur between the cards. Accordingly, for example, the nexttime a card is utilized via a reader (e.g., a magnetic stripe reader)information of the transfer may be communicated to a server forprocessing. Light may be utilized to transfer data from a card to acomputer using, for example, a camera (e.g., webcam) on the computer.Sound may be utilized to transfer data from a card to a computer using,for example, a microphone on the computer.

A interface (e.g., a button) may be activated (e.g., pressed) for aperiod of time and different actions may be associated with differentdurations of activation. Different combinations of interfaces (e.g.,different buttons) may be held together at the same time to perform avariety of functions. For example, a master unlocking code may beprovided in case a card becomes locked (e.g., too many incorrect PACswere entered in a row). To enter a master unlocking code, a particularset of buttons may first need to be pressed in combination.

Information 710 may be displayed on webpage 700. Information 710 may,for example, describe that a selection occurred as a result of userinput that was indicative of requesting that a gift card be loaded ontoa credit card using a code. The information may include instructions forloading the code. For example, a button may be requested to be pressedonce. Then, a code may be requested to be entered into the card. Next, abutton may be requested to be pressed to display a particular portion ofthe code to confirm that the particular portion was correctly entered.This process may repeat until the entire code is confirmed as havingbeen correctly entered. The information may include how a card mayrespond (e.g., via displaying information, providing light in aparticular manner, vibrating in a particular manner, or providing soundin a particular manner). To confirm an entry is correct, the user may berequested to perform a particular action such as, for example, holdingdown a particular button if the entry was correct.

A display may also be utilized as an interface. For example, a displaymay include a contact and an electronic ink. The electronic ink maychange colors in response to, for example, a particular electricalsignal being supplied to the contact. A capacitive sensor may be coupledto such a contact, however, such that a user interaction with thecontact may be sensed by the capacitive sensor. Accordingly, a card mayinclude a display that can also receive user input. Persons skilled inthe art will appreciate that a display may include multiple contacts.For example, a display may include multiple 7-segment (e.g., to displaydigits) or 11-segment, 14-segment, or 16-segment (e.g., to displayalphanumerics) regions where each segment may be coupled to a capacitivesensor.

A biometric sensor may be placed on a card or other device. Such abiometric sensor may be, for example, a fingerprint reader. Accordingly,one or more fingerprints may be stored in the memory of a card andcompared to scanned fingerprints. Different fingerprints may activatethe card differently (e.g., utilize a different user's payment cardinfo).

FIG. 8 shows mapping scheme 800. Mapping scheme 810 may be utilized. Anynumber of interfaces (e.g., buttons) may be placed on a card. Forexample, four or five buttons may be placed on a card. A button may beassociated with, for example, a color, number, letter, or symbol.Payment card numbers, however, may have a digit base. Accordingly,mapping may be utilized such that different combinations of colors,numbers, or symbols may be associated with a digit. For example, supposefive buttons are provided and each button is associated with a letterbetween A and E. Mapping scheme 810 may be utilized to allow a user toinput digits. Accordingly, for example, a processor may include such atable such that the processor may be able to translate incominginformation from a user such that digits may be communicated (e.g., viaa display, encoder, emulator, RFID, and IC chip). Two characters from afive-button combination may, for example, provide for 25 differentstates. Scheme 820 may be provided in which 3 character sets (where eachcharacter has 5 possibilities) provides 125 states. Accordingly, a 3character set may provide 2 digits of information. Scheme 830 may beutilized, for example, to provide 3 digits of information with a 5character set. Scheme 840 may be utilized, for example, to provide 4digits of information with a 6 character set. Scheme 850 may be utilizedto provide 15 digits of information with a 22 character set. Scheme 860may be utilized to provide, for example, 16 digits of information with a23 character set (where each character has one of five possibilities).

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that numerous numbers may notbe utilized by a company. For example TJX may only be provided with15,000 pre-paid debit card numbers. Such numbers may be, for example, 19digits in length. Suppose, for example, that TJX issued a payment cardthat allowed for TJX pre-paid debit cards to be entered into a the TJXpayment card. Accordingly, albeit a number is 19 digits, a mapping mayallow a user to enter a card number with only 6 characters. Accordingly,for example, a 19 digit number may be entered into a card using lessthan 19 button activations. Numbers may be encrypted based on time toincrease security as these numbers are communicated from a card (e.g.,via an emulator, encoder, display, RFID, and IC chip).

Persons skilled in the art will also appreciate that additionalinformation may be communicated with a code. For example, the type ofgift card (e.g., a TJX gift card) may be communicated with the code.Additionally, the amount of the gift card, the balance of the gift cardupon code generation, the expiration date of a gift card, as well as amessage provided by the purchaser of the gift card may be communicatedvia a code.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a user's payment cardnumber (e.g., credit card or debit card number) does not have to change.A display may hide this payment card number until an appropriateunlocking code is entered into buttons of the card. Similarly, amagnetic emulator may not be provided current until the proper unlockingcode is entered—thus keeping magnetic information private and notallowing undesirable readers to read a card. A security code may bedisplayed on the same or a different display. A button may be providedrepresentative of an online purchase (or a user may utilize buttons toinstruct the processor that an online purchase is desirable). For suchan online purchase, the credit card number and the security code may bedisplayed—but the magnetic emulator may not be activated. In doing so,the level of security of the card is increased. Furthermore, forexample, a button may be provided representative of in-store purchases(or a user may utilize buttons to instruct the processor that anin-store purchase is desirable). Accordingly, a processor may besignaled that an in-store purchase is desired. A different operation maybe associated with different types of purchases (e.g., online orin-store). Accordingly, for example, magnetic emulators may be activatedfor an in-store environment—but not the displays. Accordingly, forexample, a restaurant cashier may not be able to read the credit cardnumber from the card, but may still be able to swipe the card. If areader is down or a cashier requires reading particular information(e.g., a security code or credit card number information) then controlsmay be utilized to communicate this information. A record of the typesof transactions may be stored and may be communicated in discretionaryfields of data within a transmitted data track. Such record informationmay be utilized, for example, to further increase security and/orintroduce a variety of additional functionality.

Different types of cards may be provided on a card. For example, asecurity ID number and a credit card number may both be provided on thesame card. A button may be utilized to allow a user to provideinstruction to a processor such that the processor can display (e.g.,visually and/or magnetically) the desired information. For example, auser may determine to use one of a variety of payment accounts (e.g.,credit and/or debit) for a purchase. An entire payment number (e.g.,credit or debit) may be changed and/or hidden visually and/ormagnetically. A portion of a payment card number (e.g., credit or debit)may be changed and/or hidden visually and/or magnetically.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a display on the cardmay display a credit card number that does not change with time (ortransaction or button press). Additionally, for example, a magneticemulator (or multiple magnetic emulators) may magnetically communicatefinancial data that does not change with time. Such a card may reduce,for example, the effects of physical card theft and card cloning.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that any numbers of a creditcard number may remain static and/or change either with time or basedoff a transaction (e.g., by sensing a read-head “swipe”). Additionally,any static and/or dynamic numbers may be displayed via a display orprinted on a card. For example, a middle 6 digits of a credit/debit cardnumber may be static and may be displayed on a display. Such a middle 6digits may be displayed, for example, upon the entry of a correct PIC.Similarly, a magnetic emulator may not communicate information until acorrect PIC has been entered by a user. Doing so may, for example,reduce fraud associated with card cloning. Additionally, a receipt maybe provided that includes masked credit card numbers except for the lastfew digits of credit card numbers. Accordingly, displaying a staticmiddle 6 digits of credit card numbers may allow for such a receipt tobe provided while still reducing credit card fraud from hiding numbersthat are not displayed on such a receipt. Any amount of numbers and/orcharacters may be displayed through a display. For example, nineteendigits may be displayed as part of a credit/debit numbers and thesenumbers may also be communicated through one or more magnetic emulationcircuits. The entry of particular PICs may provide different results.For example, a first PIC may only display a string of alphanumericcharacters. A second PIC may only activate a magnetic emulation circuitto transmit information including that string of alphanumeric characters(or a different string). A third PIC may activate a magnetic emulationcircuit and a display. A display and/or magnetic emulation circuit maybe turned OFF, for example, upon entry of an incorrect PIC and/or aftera period of time has passed since the entry of the PIC and/or after thedetection of a particular number of swipes by a read-head detector(e.g., one or two).

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a credit/debit cardnumber (or any other information) may remain static until an eventoccurs and then may become dynamic (e.g., change based on swipes and/ortime). For example, a particular PIC may change from a static to adynamic topology and/or a topology may be changed from static to dynamicafter a pre-determined period of time. Additionally a card and/or devicemay include a wireless receiver and a topology may be changed from astatic to a dynamic topology upon, for example, receiving an appropriatesignal from the wireless receiver. Accordingly, a validation process maychange at a validation server depending upon whether a card is utilizinga static and/or dynamic topology at any given time. Additionally, astatic credit/debit card number may be printed on the face of a card andinformation (e.g., a security code) may be displayed via a display andremain static over time (or with use) or be provided dynamically.

A card or other device (e.g., a mobile telephone) may accept apre-determined number of consecutive incorrect PICs before locking thecard for a period of time or until an appropriate secondary PIC isentered. Accordingly, a user may enter in an incorrect PIC a number oftimes and then, after a card becomes locked, call a support center for asecondary one-time use PIC. A card may cycle through unlocking PICsbased, for example, on time or the number of previous unlock attempts.

A website may be provided where a user enters in his/her credit cardnumber, pays a fee, and a new card is programmed and sent to the user.The new card may include a display to display a portion of the userscredit/debit card number in a static form upon entry of an appropriatePIC. Such a card may also include one or more magnetic emulationcircuits to transmit the information to a reader. Such a card may or maynot, for example, include a portion of a magnetic stripe. For example,three tracks of magnetic stripe data may be communicated via threedifferent emulation circuits, more than three different emulationcircuits, one emulation circuits (e.g., tracks communicated serially toall read-heads), or one or more tracks may be represented by magneticstripe(s) while one or more other tracks may be represented by amagnetic emulation circuit. A track of data may also be partiallyrepresented by a magnetic emulation circuit and partially represented bya magnetic stripe.

An LED may blink in a pattern to provide a number of functionalities.For example, an LED may blink to denote that a particular action isoccurring (e.g., a magnetic emulator is ON). An LED may blink tocommunicate information to a card or other device (e.g., the videocamera of a mobile telephone).

FIG. 9 shows process flow charts 900. Flow chart 910 may be includedthat includes step 911, in which a gift card is purchased in a store.Step 912 may then occur, in which the gift card is transferred to afriend or relative. Step 913 may ensue, in which the friend or relativescratches off a surface of the card to reveal a code. Step 914 mayoccur, in which the friend or relative may enter the code on a websiteassociated with his/her card to attach the card to his/her payment cardaccount. Step 915 may be included in which the friend or relativepresses a button on his/her payment card and a flag is sent with thepayment card information (e.g., payment card number, name, discretionarydata) to denote that an uploaded card is desired to be utilized. Assuch, a server may utilize the gift card number linked to the paymentcard instead of, for example, the credit card number.

Flow chart 920 may be included. Step 921 may be included in flow chart920, in which a gift card is purchased in a store and activated as aresult of the card being purchased. Step 922 may occur, in which thegift card is given to a friend or relative. Step 923 may then occur, inwhich the friend or relative scratches off the surface of the card toreveal a code. Step 924 may be included in which the friend or relativeenters the code on his/her payment card. Step 925 may be included inwhich the friend presses a button such that the code is transmitted whenthe card is utilized by a reader (e.g., a magnetic stripe reader) asdiscretionary or other data (e.g., credit card number data).

Flow chart 930 may be included. Step 931 may be included in flow chart930, in which a code is entered into a card (or other device). A buttonmay be pressed denoting use of a gift card function in step 932. Step933 may be utilized such that the gift card data may be sent withpre-formatted discretionary and/or other data. Step 934 may be includedsuch that the code passes through a routing server. Persons skilled inthe art will appreciate that particular digits (e.g., the first sixdigits) of a gift card number may be utilized by a server as a routingaddress. Step 935 may be included, for example, such that the code isauthorized at an authentication server such that the gift card may beverified and utilized to pay for a purchase.

Flow chart 940 may be included. Step 941 may be included in flow chart940 such that a code is entered into a card. Step 942 may be includedsuch that the code is associated with one or more buttons on a card.Step 943 may be utilized such that a second code is entered into a card.Step 944 may be utilized such that a second code is associated with oneor more second button. Accordingly, for example, one gift card may beentered and associated with one button while another gift card may beentered and associated with another button.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a variety of accountingfunctions may be performed by a card (or other device). For example,buttons may be provided that are associated with different accountingcategories (e.g., food, hotel, entertainment, gas, other). A user maypress a button before a purchase in order to add information into thediscretionary data associated with, for example, a category. Suchinformation may be communicated to a magnetic emulator, encoder, RFID,and IC chip. Such information may be stripped out at a server andforwarded to a different server. Such a different server, may, forexample, utilize such discretionary data to add information associatedwith the categories to a user's online bill statement for a particularpayment card. Thus, for example, a user may select a business creditcard button on a card and then a travel button. In doing so, forexample, the user's business credit card number may be communicated to amagnetic stripe read-head (along with any associated information) aswell as discretionary data representative of the purchase being fortravel. Accordingly, a business person may save time in creating anexpense report as information is communicated at time of purchasethrough a payment infrastructure at the demand of the user.

FIG. 10 may include process flow charts 1000. Flow chart 1010 may beincluded. Step 1011 may be included, in which a card is pre-set withcodes for one or more stores. Step 1012 may occur, in which a paymentcard number is entered online with a gift card number to obtain apre-set code for a store for a particular card (or for any card). Such acode may be entered into a card in step 1113. The code may be verifiedin step 1014 and pre-set gift card data may be sent at purchase in step1015 (e.g., via a magnetic emulator, encoder, IC chip, or RFID).

Flow chart 1020 may be included that may include step 1021, in which acard may be swiped to transmit data to a reader (e.g., a magnetic stripereader). Step 1022 may occur in which a transaction is completed. Step1023 may then ensue, in which a card is swiped through the reader (e.g.,a magnetic stripe reader) to receive data from the reader. The receiveddata may be, at least in part, associated with a button in step 1024.Such received data may be displayed, at least in part, when theassociated button is pressed in step 1025.

Flow chart 1030 may be included. Step 1031 may be included, in which anonline card account maybe be visited by a user. Step 1032 may beincluded in which gift cards associated with the card account may belisted with the card. Additional cards may be listed such as, forexample, additional credit, debit, check, or pre-paid cards. Cards maybe added, deleted, or transferred electronically (e.g., via mail) instep 1133. A balance may be viewed for one or more cards in step 1134.Transactions associated with cards may be viewed in step 1135.

Flow chart 1040 may be included. Card may be used at a reader via an ICchip in step 1041. Step 1042 may be included in which data may betransmitted from a card to a reader. Step 1043 may occur in which datamay be transmitted from a reader to a card. A function may be associatedwith one or more buttons in step 1044. Information may be displayed viaa function when the associated button is pressed in, for example, step1045.

FIG. 11 shows card 1100 that may include, for example, button array1120, light sources 1111-1114, hologram 1130, permanent information 1101and 1102, display 1140, and buttons 1126 and 1127. Permanent information1101 and 1102 may be, for example, printed and/or embossed. Permanentinformation 1101 may correspond to, for example, the card number for oneterritory while permanent information 1102 may include information foranother territory. Display 1140 may include, for example, a code thatmay change based on transaction (via read-head detectors), button-press,or time. The code displayed on display 1140 may be associated withbuttons 1126 and 1127 such that different codes are provided dependingon the button that is pressed. A code may be different lengths. Personsskilled in the art will appreciate, for example, that one payment cardmay include a card number of one length (e.g., 15 digits) and a code ofone length (e.g., 4 digits) while another payment card may include acard number of a different length (e.g., 16 digits) and a code of adifferent length (e.g., 3 digits). Light source 1111 may activate incertain circumstances while light source 1112 may activate in differentcircumstances. Each light source may be able to emit different colors oflight. Each light source may, for example, emit a different color oflight. For example, light source 1111 may emit GREEN while light source1112 may emit RED. Accordingly, for example, an appropriate PAC mayresult in light source 1111 emitting GREEN while light source 1112 emitsRED. Light source 1113 may be utilized to emit light after button 1126is pressed so that a user can see that a button is active. Similarly,button 1127 may be utilized to emit light after button 1127 is pressed.

Card 1150 may be provided. Global number 1101 may be displayedpermanently (or via a display). Display 1102 may be utilized to displayinformation. For example, display 1102 may be utilized to display a codeor a portion of a payment card number. Persons skilled in the art willappreciate that different territories may be have different lengths ofdifferent types of data (e.g., different lengths of payment cardnumbers). Accordingly, a user may be assigned numbers in each territorywith overlapping digits (e.g., global portions). For example, a sixteendigit number for one territory may be the same as the first sixteendigits of a nineteen digit number in another territory. The remainingdigits for that territory may be displayed, for example, on display1102. Accordingly, for example, the card may, upon entry of anappropriate PAC default to not showing any information on a display and,upon sensing of a read-head, sending the default payment informationthrough one or more magnetic emulators and/or encoders (or RFID or ICchip). Upon the utilization of a button signifying a nineteen digitscheme for a different territory is utilized, the extra digitinformation may be displayed on display 1102 and the payment informationfor that territory may be communicated via a magnetic emulator, magneticencoder, RFID, or IC chip. Persons skilled in the art will appreciatethat pressing a button for a particular territory (or other paymentinformation) may be utilized to send that payment information through acommunications device such as a magnetic emulator. However, for example,another button may be utilized to cause a display to display theappropriate corresponding payment information. Accordingly, for example,a user may protect information from being visible read by others inparticular situations (e.g., when a card is handed to a bartender forprocessing).

FIG. 12 may include card 1200 in which a payment card number may bedisplayed on a display. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate thata variety of information may be displayed on a display such as, forexample, battery life, time until a number expires (e.g., in atime-based encryption scheme), the number of numbers left (e.g., in amultiple-factor one-time-use scheme). Card 1250 may be provided that mayinclude display 1251 that may include, for example 11-segment characterdisplays. A card may include any type of display such as, for example, a7-segment digit display. A display may be one, two, three or more linesof characters. A display may include pixels that may be controlled todisplay data. A color or two-tone (e.g., black and white) display may beutilized).

FIG. 13 shows card 300 which may be manufactured and laminated (e.g.,via a HOT, WARM, or COLD lamination process). A card may be printed on acircuit board, such as a flexible circuit board. Components (e.g.,microprocessor) may be attached to the board (e.g., soldered via hotair). The card may be laminated. For example, the board may be placedinto a mold and warm laminate may be injected into the mold. The moldmay be removed such that a card is provided. Molding may take place, forexample, on the sheet level and then cut into cards. Programming portion1310 may be a portion of the board that was not laminated. The board mayhave, for example, multiple layers. Accordingly, portion 1310 may beutilized to program a processor, or other components, via contacts 1310.Contacts 1310 may take the form of, for example, rings such that amale-programming connector may couple each ring. Accordingly, aperpendicular connection may occur. After a card is programmed, forexample, portion 1310 may be cut-off such that a card is provided. Card1350 may be included with portion 1320 and contacts 1321. Contacts 1321may couple via a parallel connection with a programmer. A microprocessormay be instructed to ignore or burn-out programming ports afterprogramming. Additional laminate may be placed on the edge where theboard is cut such that, for example, no contacts are exposed.Furthermore, a processor may be programmed through laminate using, forexample, capacitive programming.

FIG. 14 may include external connector 1401 which may be, for example, aUSB connector. Such a USB connector may, for example, fold out from card1400. Such a connector may be, for example, USB, USB 2.0, mini-USB, orUSB 3.0. Other external connectors may be utilized. Data may betransferred to and from a card, or other device, utilizing externalconnector 1401.

Card 1450 may be provided. Card 1450 may include, for example, button1451 and associated display 1452. A code may be entered using a buttonarray to cause a processor to display a particular number, character set(e.g., name), logo, or other indicia on display 1452 upon theutilization of button 1451. Accordingly, for example, a user may load agift card onto a card and may be provided with customized visual indiciasuch that a user may not forget what card is associated with whatbutton. A user may select what button a card (e.g., gift card) may beassociated with or the card may autonomously associate a card to thenext available button. A card may have a pre-set number of cards thatare provided to buttons on a one card per button basis or multiple cardsmay be associated per button (e.g., a single button press of a buttonprovides one gift card while two button presses of a button in tandemprovides a different gift card). Balances, gift card amounts, expirationdates, or other information may also be provided via a display. Otherinformation may include a message from the gift card purchaser. Adisplay may scroll data autonomously such that information that wouldextend beyond the display capabilities of a display may be displayed bythe display without further user interaction. Accordingly, for example,a user may unlock a card by entering a particular PAC on a button array,the user may press a button to see the gift card associated with thatbutton, the user may then select a different button and see a differentgift card associated with that different button, the user may then swipea card and a read-head detector may detect a swipe, the processor maythen drive one or more magnetic emulators to communicate data to one ormore magnetic stripe read-heads that causes that different credit cardto be utilized. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that codesmay be utilized to, for example, load cards or denote a particular flagbe sent with particular payment card information (e.g., default creditcard information) such that processing servers may utilized gift cardslinked to a card. Similarly, for example, a user may load a gift cardinto a card and the card may send information along with the paymentcard information (e.g., in discretionary fields) such that a processingserver notes that a gift card was added to the card and links the giftcard to the user's account. Accordingly, a user may, for example,receive a gift card, enter the card into his card (e.g., by entering aunique code for that gift card), use the credit card, and then go onlineto his payment card account and see that the loaded gift card isassociated to his account. The user then may, for example, utilize theloaded gift card online from his/her payment card account.

Permanent logo 1453 may be provided on a card. A card may include logosof multiple credit card companies, banks, or other entities. A logo maybe provided on a display (e.g., an electronic ink display). Differentlogos may be provided on a display and a particular button press maycause a different logo to be displayed. Different logos of differentstores may be displayed depending on, for example, the gift card that isutilized at a particular time.

FIG. 15 shows card 1500 that may include, for example, one or more ICchips 1530 (e.g., EMV chips), RFID antennas 1520, processors 1540,displays 1550, dynamic magnetic communications devices 1510 (e.g.,magnetic encoders and/or magnetic emulators), batteries 1560, andbuttons 1551 and 1552. Additional circuitry 1598 may be provided whichmay be, for example, one or more oscillators or emulator drivingcircuits. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that button 1551may, for example, be utilized by a user to select one encryptionalgorithm for a number displayed on display 1550 while button 1552 maybe utilized by a user to select a different encryption algorithm.Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that the components of card1500 may be provided on either surface of a card (e.g., a front or rearsurface of the card) or inside of a card. A logo (e.g., of a cardissuer) and logo may be provided on either surface of a card.

A button, such as button 1551, may be utilized, for example, to displaya number. Such a number may be, for example, encrypted from a securenumber based on time or use. For example, one-time use numbers (e.g., apayment number or code) may be retrieved from a list of numbers onmemory each time button 1551 is pressed and displayed on display 1550. Aprocessor may only go through each number once on a list. A registrationprocess may be provided in which a user may be requested to enter in asequence of numbers such that a remote server may validate the card andlearn where in a sequence of a list a card currently resides. Numbersmay be repeated on a list or may only occur once on a list. All of thenumbers available by the length of the number may be utilized by thelist or only a portion of the numbers available by the length of thenumber may be provided by the list. A secret number may be encrypted ona card and a verification server may also have knowledge of this secretnumber. Accordingly, the remote server may perform the same encryptionfunction as the card on the secret number and verify that the resultantencrypted number is the same as the resultant encrypted number on acard. Alternatively, for example, the remote server may decrypt thereceived encrypted number to determine the authenticity of the encryptednumber and validate an activity (e.g., validate a security accessrequest or a purchase transaction).

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate, for example, that a card mayinclude an IC chip (e.g., EMV chip), RFID, and a dynamic magneticcommunications device (e.g., a magnetic emulator or encoder). The sameinformation may be communicated through, for example, any number of suchdevices (e.g., a dynamic magnetic communications device, RFID, and anEMV chip). A central processor may cause each device to communicate theinformation (in the same format or a different format). Each componentmay have its own processor or driving circuitry. Such individualprocessors or driving circuitry may be coupled to a central processor.An EMV chip may be utilized, for example, to provide control signals toother devices (e.g., circuitry driving a display as well as a dynamicmagnetic communications device). Such an EMV chip may receive signalsprovided by one or more buttons to determine, for example, that aparticular button, or sequence of buttons, was pressed by a user.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a read-head housing mayinclude, for example, multiple read-heads. A read-head detector may,more generally, detect a read-head housing and, in doing so, detect aread-head.

FIG. 16 shows card 1600 that may include, for example, signature area1640 that may include a material operable to receive marks from a pen(e.g., a signature). Card 1600 may also include, for example, displays1620 and 1630. Display 1620 may, for example, display a payment numberwhile display 1930 displays a security code (e.g., for online purchaseauthentication). Display 1620 as well as display 1630 may be utilized onthe same side as, for example, dynamic magnetic communications device1610.

FIG. 17 shows personal electronic device 1700 which may be, for example,a portable telephonic device, portable media player, or any type ofelectronic device. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that thefunctionality of a card may be provided on a personal device anddisplayed through a graphical user interface. Personal electronic device1700 may include, for example, user inputs 1740 and display 1710.Virtual card 1720 may be displayed on display 1720. Display 1720 may bea touch-sensitive display such that, for example, virtual button 1230may be provided on virtual card 1720. Persons skilled in the art willappreciate that cards may be provided as virtual cards and a user mayinteract with such virtual cards in order to provide a variety offunctions. Personal electronic device 1700 may communicate to a cardreader such as, for example, an RFID reader.

A display may be bi-stable or non bi-stable. A bi-stable display mayconsume electrical energy to change the information displayed on thebi-stable display but may not consume electrical energy to maintain thedisplay of that information. A non bi-stable display may consumeelectrical energy to both change and maintain information on the nonbi-stable display. A display driving circuit may be provided, forexample, for a bi-stable display (or a non bi-stable display). Such adisplay driving circuit may step-up a supply voltage (e.g., 1-5 volts)to a larger voltage (e.g., 6-15 volts) such that a bi-stable display maychange displayed information. A controller (e.g., a processor) may beutilized to control such a display driving circuit. Persons skilled inthe art will appreciate that a display may be configured to displaynumerical data or alphanumerical data. A display may also be configuredto display other indicia (e.g., the image of a battery and its remaininglife).

A magnetic stripe reader may, for example, determine information on amagnetic stripe by detecting the frequency of changes in magnetic fields(e.g., flux transversals). A particular frequency of flux transversalsmay correlate to, for example, a particular information state (e.g., alogic “1” or a logic “0”). Accordingly, for example, a magnetic emulatormay change the direction of an electromagnetic field at particularfrequencies in order to communicate a different state of information(e.g., a logic “1” or a logic “0”).

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a magnetic emulator mayelectromagnetically communicate information serially by changing themagnitude of an electromagnetic field with respect to time. As such, forexample, a current in a single direction may be provided through amagnetic emulator in order for that magnetic emulator to generate anelectromagnetic field of a single direction and a particular magnitude.The current may then be removed from the magnetic emulator such that,for example, the electromagnetic field is removed. The creation of apresence of an electromagnetic field, and the removal of thatelectromagnetic field, may be utilized to communicate information to,for example, a magnetic stripe reader. A magnetic stripe reader may beconfigured to read, for example, the change in flux versus time and mayassociate an increase in an electromagnetic field (e.g., creation of afield) as one flux transversal and a decrease (e.g., removal of a field)as another transversal. In doing so, for example, driving circuitry (notshown) may be provided which, in turn, controls when current is providedto a magnetic emulator. The timing of magnetic flux transversals, asdetermined by a magnetic stripe reader, may be utilized by that readerto determine whether a logic one (“1”) or logic zero (“0”) wascommunicated. Accordingly, a driving circuit may change the frequency ofwhen current is supplied and removed from a magnetic emulator in orderto communicate a logic one (“1”) or a logic zero (“0”).

A driving circuit may, for example, change the direction of currentsupplied to a magnetic emulator to increase the amount of change in anelectromagnetic field magnitude for a period of time. In doing so, forexample, a magnetic stripe reader may more easily be able to discernoverall changes in an electromagnetic field and, as such, may moreeasily be able to discern information. As such, for example, a drivingcircuit may increase the magnitude of an electromagnetic field byproviding negative current, decrease the amount of negative currentuntil no current is provided and provide an increasing positive currentin order to provide a large swing in the magnitude of an electromagneticfield. Similarly, a driving circuit may switch from providing one amountof negative current (or positive current) to one amount of positivecurrent (or negative current).

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a string of a particularbit of data (e.g., a string of logic zeros “0s”) may be communicatedbefore as well as after information is communicated through a magneticemulator. A magnetic stripe reader may utilize such data, for example,to determine base timing information such that the magnetic stripereader has a timing reference that the reader can utilize to assist indetermining timing changes of perceived flux transversals. Accordingly,for example, a magnetic emulator may send data at different overallfrequencies and a magnetic stripe reader may be able to reconfigureitself to receive data at such overall frequencies. Information may beencoded using, for example, Frequency/Double Frequency (F2F) encodingsuch that magnetic stripe readers may perform, F2F decoding.

A processor may control one or more emulators by, for example,controlling the direction of the current supplied through one or moresegments of an emulator. By changing the direction of current through aregion, for example, the direction of an electromagnetic field may bechanged. Similarly, a processor may control one or more emulators by,for example, controlling the change in magnitude of current suppliedthrough one or more segments of an emulator. As such, for example, aprocessor may increase the magnitude of current as well as decrease themagnitude of current supplied through an emulator. A processor maycontrol the timing of such increases and decreases in current such thata magnetic emulator may, for example, communicate F2F encodedinformation.

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a dynamic magneticcommunications device (e.g., a magnetic emulator or magnetic encoder)may be fabricated, either completely or partially, in silicon andprovided as a silicon-based chip. Other circuitry (e.g., drivingcircuitry) may also be fabricated on such a silicon-based chip. Aprocessor, such as a processor for controlling a magnetic communicationsdevice, may be, for example, a programmable processor having on-boardprogrammable non-volatile memory (e.g., FLASH memory), volatile memory(e.g., RAM), as well as a cache. Firmware as well as payment information(e.g., dynamic numbers) may be, for example, communicated from aprogramming device to a processor's on-board programmable non-volatilememory (e.g., a FLASH memory) such that a card may provide a variety offunctionalities. Such a processor may also have one or more power-savingoperating modes, in which each operating mode turns OFF a different setof circuitry to provide different levels of power consumption. One ormore power-savings modes may turn OFF, for example, one or more clockingcircuitry provided on a processor. An Application-Specific IntegratedCircuit (ASIC) may also be included in a card or other device toprovide, for example, processing, dynamic magnetic communications, aswell as driving capabilities.

Persons skilled in the art will also appreciate that the presentinvention is not limited to only the embodiments described. Instead, thepresent invention more generally involves dynamic information. Personsskilled in the art will also appreciate that the apparatus of thepresent invention may be implemented in other ways then those describedherein. All such modifications are within the scope of the presentinvention, which is limited only by the claims that follow.

What is claimed is:
 1. A payment card comprising: a button; a displayassociated with said button; and an array of buttons, wherein a code isentered utilizing said array of buttons, said display displays indiciaassociated with said code when said button is pressed, and said carddetermines said indicia using said code, said code being different fromsaid indicia.
 2. The card of claim 1 further comprising: a battery; andprocessing circuitry electrically coupled to said battery.
 3. The cardof claim 1, wherein said display is a bi-stable display.
 4. The card ofclaim 1, wherein said code associates a gift card data to said paymentcard.
 5. The card of claim 1, wherein said code activates a gift carddata.
 6. The card of claim 1, wherein entry of said code loads a giftcard data onto said payment card.
 7. The card of claim 1, wherein entryof said code sets a flag on the payment card.
 8. The card of claim 1further comprising processing circuitry operative to translate said codebased on a mapping scheme.
 9. A card comprising: a card readercommunications device; an interface operable to receive a codecorresponding to only one of a plurality of gift card data, wherein saidcode comprises multiple characters; a display; and a processor operableto select said one of said plurality of gift card data after said codeis received, wherein payment information associated with said selectedone gift card data is communicated through said card readercommunications device.
 10. The card of claim 9, wherein said paymentinformation comprises a gift card account number of said selected giftcard data.
 11. The card of claim 9, wherein said payment informationcomprises a payment card account number and discretionary data.
 12. Thecard of claim 9, wherein said payment information comprises a paymentcard account number and a flag.
 13. The card of claim 9, wherein saidinterface comprises an array of buttons.
 14. The card of claim 9,wherein said interface comprises a light detector.
 15. The card of claim9, wherein said card reader communications device comprises a dynamicmagnetic stripe communications device.
 16. The card of claim 9, whereinsaid interface is an IC chip or an RFID.
 17. A card comprising: a cardreader communications device; and a processor, wherein one of aplurality of territorial payment card data is selected for use, each ofsaid plurality of territorial payment card data is associated with adifferent country, and payment information associated with said selectedone territorial payment card data is communicated through said cardreader communications device.
 18. The card of claim 17, wherein saidpayment information comprises a data structure for a territorycorresponding to said selected territorial payment card data.
 19. Thecard of claim 17 further comprising an interface for enabling selectionof said one of a plurality of territories.
 20. The card of claim 17,further comprising a display, wherein said display displays indiciacorresponding to a selected territory.
 21. The card of claim 17 furthercomprising location circuitry, wherein said location circuitry provideslocation data to said processor, wherein said processor selects one ofsaid territorial payment card data based on said location data.
 22. Thecard of claim 17, wherein payment information associated with a firstterritorial payment data comprises a first number and paymentinformation associated with a second territorial payment data comprisesa second number, which is different than said first number, wherein bothsaid first and second numbers are linked to a same payment account. 23.The card of claim 17, wherein said card reader communications device isa dynamic magnetic stripe communications device.
 24. A payment cardcomprising: a button; a display associated with said button; and aninterface for accepting a code, wherein said display displays indiciaassociated with said code when said button is pressed, and said carddetermines said indicia using said code, said code being different fromsaid indicia.
 25. The card of claim 24, wherein said code associates agift card data to said payment card.
 26. The card of claim 24, whereinsaid code activates a gift card data.
 27. The card of claim 24, whereinentry of said code loads a gift card data onto said payment card.